This dissertation uses New York City’s July 1964 rebellions in Central Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant to explore issues of civil rights, liberalism, policing and electoral politics in New York City between 1945 and 1966. The city’s rebellions, the first of the 1960s urban uprisings that would come to define the decade, had widespread repercussions and shaped political campaigns at the local, state and national levels. Looking both backward and forward from the rebellions, I examine the causes many observers gave for the rebellions as well as what outcomes the uprisings had. Using archival records, government documents, newspapers and correspondence between activists and city officials, I look at the social and economic conditions in which black New Yorkers lived during the postwar period, the various ways in which black citizens and their white allies tried to remedy pervasive segregation and its deleterious effects, and the results of those attempts at reform. In providing a previously unavailable narrative of the nearly weeklong July rebellions, I show the ways in which the city’s black citizens expressed their frustrations with city officials, the police and local black leaders and how each group responded. By 1964, many black New Yorkers were frustrated with the glacial pace of civil rights progress in the city and were searching for alternatives to integrationist movements, leading to activism and sentiments that would soon be labeled as Black Power. The civilian review board referendum of 1966 represents the last stand of the city’s interracial liberal civil rights coalition. Exploring the campaigns for and against the board helps us to see the growth of white political conservatism, the previously unknown political power of the police, the decline of support for liberalism among black and white populations and the increase in racial hostility in New York City after 1966. Through looking at civil rights in the city during the postwar period, we can see the limits of liberalism. New York was considered one of the most liberal cities in the country during the postwar period, but its black citizens still faced the same issues as their counterparts in Chicago and Detroit.
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
History
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_4371
PhysicalDescription
Form (authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
vii, 271 p.
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Christopher Hayes
Subject (authority = lcsh/lcnaf)
Geographic
New York (N.Y.)--History--20th century
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
African Americans--Civil rights--New York (State)--New York
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Riots--New York (State)--New York--History--20th century
Subject (authority = lcsh/lcnaf)
Geographic
Bedford-Stuyvesant (New York, N.Y.)--History--20th century
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.