This study considered the unique impact neighborhoods have in influencing rates of child maltreatment and a specific primary prevention strategy that may be identified in the built environment. Over the past 30 years, researchers have identified specific elements of a neighborhood’s structure that impact child maltreatment. The emphasis of these studies has been the identification of socioeconomic risk factors that are associated with higher rates of child maltreatment in communities. More recently, there has been growing recognition that the distribution of alcohol outlets is related to child maltreatment. Researchers have shown that those areas with higher density of alcohol outlets also tend to have corresponding higher rates of child maltreatment. No study to date, however, has tested the effects of protective factors that might attenuate the negative influence of socioeconomics and alcohol outlet density on child maltreatment rates. Recognizing that substance abuse has long been a major contributor to all forms of child maltreatment, this study extends prior research by testing both risk and protective features of neighborhoods’ built environments that may be either risk or protective factors for child maltreatment. This study contributes to the literature by testing the moderating effect of one potential protective factor, the density of substance abuse prevention and treatment facilities in a community, on the relationship between alcohol outlet density and rates of child maltreatment. Using a cross-sectional design, the study utilized data from the New Jersey Department of Children and Families’ Bergen County child maltreatment reports, New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control listing of alcohol-selling retailers, New Jersey Division of Addiction Services listing of licensed substance abuse providers, Bergen County Center for Alcohol and Drug Resources’ listing of substance abuse prevention and treatment facilities, and the United States Census. Findings indicate child maltreatment rates are higher in impoverished and unstable neighborhoods and those with greater alcohol outlet density. Additionally, neighborhoods with easily accessed substance abuse prevention and treatment facilities had lower rates of child maltreatment. The study findings highlight the relevance of applying primary prevention approaches and multi-sector collaboration to reduce child maltreatment.
Subject (authority = local)
Topic
child maltreatment
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Social Work
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TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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License
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Author Agreement License
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