DescriptionThis examination of both the history of the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and its current trajectory is not just essential in terms of the potential for any peace process in Colombia, but also for potential regional and international security issues. This includes a history of the ELN, including its primary influences, from its inception as a Marxist/Maoist group inspired by the Cuban Revolution, its leaders trained in Cuba by Fidel and Raul Castro and Che Guevara; the combination of such Marxist/Maoist philosophy with liberation theology; its status as a non-state actor and combatant, including its background and strategic use of what Western military and policy describe as asymmetric/low-intensity/Gen 4 methodology to conduct its operations; and last but not least, its current trajectory and inherent interests as not just the last remaining Colombian guerrilla group without a peace process as of April 2019, but increasingly something much more dangerous: a force that in actuality has become, under the proverbial radar during the FARC peace process and the Venezuelan humanitarian crisis, a “Colombo-Venezuelan rebel army” that complicates not just Venezuelan-Colombian relations, but overall security across the northern half of South America.