DescriptionThis dissertation argues that history, values, and politics/institutions play roles in conjunction with science when there is conflict over the process of formulating and implementing environmental policy. It considers how power influences wildlife conservation, specifically black bear management in New Jersey, where hunting is used as a tool of management. Some groups support this policy, while others oppose. Both factions employ science to make their claims, though they often argue for incompatible policy solutions. In short, science is just one factor in the policymaking process, the rest of which need to be more comprehensively understood.Drawing on policy documents including legislation, court cases, administrative rules and regulations, and executive orders/communications from agency heads, I put forth three arguments. First, I argue that historical contexts and ways of thinking combine with peoples’ values and institutional structures/political patterns to frame the science, enabling certain knowledge claims and policy solutions to gain traction. Second, I argue that the extent to which the policy does and does not change can be better understood by identifying where power is located within institutions and how it flows among them. Third, I argue that we must comprehend the resistance and attempted pushback against a policy, even when the policy appears dominant. Only then can we understand why and how policies change or resist change. Throughout, I stress the importance of including a wide range of voices, values, and participants in crafting democratic, robust, and viable policy.