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Cadmium accumulation in rice: insight from window exposure tests
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Song, Zhiyi. Cadmium accumulation in rice: insight from window exposure tests. Retrieved from https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/t3-6vqw-e636

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TitleCadmium accumulation in rice: insight from window exposure tests
NameSong, Zhiyi (author); Huang, Weilin (chair); Reinfelder, John (member); Young, Lily Y. (member); Huang, Bingru (member); Rutgers University; School of Graduate Studies
Date Created2022
Other Date2022-01 (degree)
SubjectEnvironmental science, Cadmium, Environmental science, Heavy metal, Rice plant
Extent327 pages : illustrations
DescriptionThe consumption of rice grain with Cd contamination is the major Cd dietary exposure pathway which causes serious health problems. The Cd control techniques of rice plant aim to: 1) lower total Cd in soil environment, 2) lower bioavailability of Cd in soil environment to limit the transfer from environment to rice plant, and 3) modify Cd transfer process within rice plant to limit Cd transfer from other plant part to rice grain. In Cd control experiments, the efficacy of Cd reduction techniques varied when applied in different growth time of rice plant. With different physiological parameters and varied metabolism rate in each growth stage, rice plant might show different Cd uptake ability during growth. The key growth stage which shows the highest Cd uptake and/or the greatest accumulation in rice grain after maturity might be the most suitable time to apply Cd control techniques.

In this dissertation, both non-labeled and stable-isotopically labeled Cd were applied in a newly designed hydroponic-soil combined culture cultivation experiment named “window exposure”. Window exposure experiments were performed by exposing rice plants to Cd at different stages of growth. The quantification of Cd mass distribution in exposure media and each plant part at different sampling times demonstrates not only Cd mass flows between exterior soil environment and rice plant, but Cd mass also flows between different plant parts during growth. The change of Cd mass accumulation in rice plant over time indicates continued mass exchange between plant and soil environment. Depending on metabolic rate and other physiological parameters, the translocation and redistribution of Cd in rice vary with growth stage. Four Cd mass flows models quantitatively Cd retention and translocation in each plant tissue following short-term Cd window exposure in seedling, tillering, flowering, and milking stages.

Results from this work indicate that the Cd uptake ability of rice increases with the development of biomass. Flowering stage is the key growth stage which contributes to the highest Cd accumulation in rice, which results from both high Cd influx and low efflux during growth after window exposure. Although rice seedlings show low Cd influx and high Cd efflux from time of exposure to maturity, the dramatic reduction of physiological parameters in maturity indicates severe adverse impacts of Cd when rice plant is window-exposed to Cd in early growth stage. Cd exposure treatment during tillering stage results in higher Cd retention within the rice plant compared to the window exposure treatments at other growth times. This suggests a detoxification mechanism of Cd compartmentalization in leaves when exposed to Cd in early growth stages. These findings improve our understanding of how Cd transfer processes in rice vary in different growth stages, which would be used to guide future applications of Cd control techniques for remedy of contaminated rice paddy fields.
NotePh.D.
NoteIncludes bibliographical references
Genretheses
Persistent URLhttps://doi.org/doi:10.7282/t3-6vqw-e636
LanguageEnglish
CollectionSchool of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organization NameRutgers, The State University of New Jersey
RightsThe author owns the copyright to this work.
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