DescriptionAt its heart, this dissertation investigates the relationship between two of physics’ most important symmetries, diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations. Directed by the study of the metric dependence of solutions to the instanton equation of Yang-Mills theory on a smooth four manifold X, we construct a model of equivariant cohomology of the space of gauge connections A and metrics Met(X) with respect to the semi-direct product of gauge transformations G and diffeomorphisms Diff₊(X). Generalizing topologically twisted N = 2 super Yang Mills theory, we use our model to present a new set of transformation laws and action which allow for the construction of new diffeomorphism invariants of X associated to families of metrics. These are, conjecturally, the fabled family Donaldson invariants. Surprisingly, we also identify our model as a subsector of N = 2 twisted supergravity on a background with only certain components of the gravitino activated. In addition, we provide perspective on future directions for these developments.