DescriptionGiven two permutations sigma (of length k) and pi (of length n), the permutation pi is said to contain the pattern sigma if there exists a length k subsequence in pi that is order-isomorphic to sigma. Each such subsequence is called an occurrence of sigma in pi. Over the past few decades, the study of pattern-avoiding permutations has been a very active area of research. This thesis will consider two types of problems in this area. The first is a variation known as consecutive patterns, where the pattern sigma must occur in consecutive terms of the permutation to count as an occurrence. The second is a generalization of the classical pattern avoiding problem, where we wish to study permutations with exactly r occurrences of a pattern (for some fixed non-negative r).