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Ammonia toxicity in bacteria and its implications for treatment of and resource recovery from highly nitrogenous organic wastes
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Luther, Amanda Kay. Ammonia toxicity in bacteria and its implications for treatment of and resource recovery from highly nitrogenous organic wastes. Retrieved from https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3668G53

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TitleAmmonia toxicity in bacteria and its implications for treatment of and resource recovery from highly nitrogenous organic wastes
NameLuther, Amanda Kay (author); Fennell, Donna E (chair); Strom, Peter F (internal member); Young, Lily Y (internal member); Rabaey, Korneel (outside member); Rutgers University; Graduate School - New Brunswick
Date Created2015
Other Date2015-10 (degree)
SubjectEnvironmental Sciences, Ammonia--Toxicology
Extent1 online resource (xvi, 178 p. : ill.)
DescriptionTreatment of highly nitrogenous organic wastes (HNOWs) by anaerobic digestion (AD) results in the release of ammonia that can become inhibitory to methanogenesis as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration increases above 0.2 M (~3 g N L-1). This inhibition reduces potential energy recovery (as biogas) from AD systems. Toxicity/inhibition has been attributed specifically to the un-ionized species of ammonia (NH3), which increases with increasing pH and temperature. Protein degrading, amino acid fermenting bacteria play a key role in AD—liberating ammonia, and providing precursors (H2, CO2, and fatty acids) to downstream processes. The amino acid fermenting bacterium Peptostreptococcus russellii exhibits rapid growth on proteins, peptides, and amino acids, and can tolerate TAN concentrations up to 0.4 M at pH 8.5. Differential expression analysis of the P. russellii transcriptome comparing ammonia stressed (0.29 M NH4+, 74 mM NH3) and sodium stressed (0.05 M sodium chloride) growth against unstressed growth, revealed a unique transcriptional response under ammonia stress, with 680 putative genes significantly, differentially, and uniquely expressed under ammonia stress. Specifically, exposure to high ammonia resulted in downregulation of major amino acid fermentation pathways, a shift in the energy conservation systems utilized by this bacterium, and the upregulation of a pathway for glycogen synthesis. Anaerobic digestion of HNOWs produces abundant ammonia that can be recovered as a resource. Electrochemical membrane electrolysis systems show promise for resource recovery from mixed wastewaters, permitting selective recovery of NH4+ as a high purity chemical. Here we demonstrated high rates of ammonia recovery from concentrated urine using an electrochemical cell (EC). EC processing of real urine sustained high flux of NH4+ at 275 ± 5 g N m-2 d-1 over ten days of operation, with a current efficiency of 55 ± 1% and an electrical cost of 13 kWh kg-1 N transferred.
NotePh.D.
NoteIncludes bibliographical references
Noteby Amanda Kay Luther
Genretheses, ETD doctoral
Persistent URLhttps://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3668G53
Languageeng
CollectionGraduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organization NameRutgers, The State University of New Jersey
RightsThe author owns the copyright to this work.
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