Impact of dietary macronutrients on obesity in different US adult ethnic subpopulations
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Yeboah-Afihene, Kwasi.
Impact of dietary macronutrients on obesity in different US adult ethnic subpopulations. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GT5QMC
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TitleImpact of dietary macronutrients on obesity in different US adult ethnic subpopulations
Date Created2017
Other Date2017-01 (degree)
Extent1 online resource (xii, 125 p. : ill.)
DescriptionBACKGROUND: How we manage our energy intake and usage is very crucial to the obesity phenomenon. The body gets its energy supply from the macronutrients we consume, which are primarily, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers and sugars. Their effect of on various US subpopulations so far as obesity and weight management is concerned has not been adequately explored in literature. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: Our main objective is to assist physicians in advising their patients on functional diets with relatively appropriate amounts of specific macronutrients for proper weight management. METHOD: The study followed a retrospective, quantitative and correlational design which sought to examine the relationships between variables. Two NHANES dataset cycles were analyzed, NHANES 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. The youth and children below age 19 were excluded with pregnant women as well. The hypotheses were tested with hierarchical logistic regression models and Wald’s test. RESULTS: Different macronutrient compositions appeared to be associated with different levels of risk for obesity, Wald = 8.081, p < 0.01. Amongst the macronutrients fiber appeared to be associated with lowest obesity risk, with β = -0.012, OR = 0.988, OR 95% CI (0.978, 0.998), p < 0.05. Sugar also had an inverse or negative relationship with β = -0.002, OR=0.998, OR 95% CI (0.996, 0.999), p < 0.05. Fat, carbohydrate and protein were positively associated to obesity however their level of significance or probabilities of occurrences were not within 95% confidence level, their beta values were respectively; β = 0.002, β = 0.001, β = 0.001. It was also observed that none of the macronutrients affected the various ethnic subpopulations differently. [Protein Wald = 2.32, p = 0.12, Carbohydrate Wald = 1.93, p = 0.17, Fiber Wald = 2.18, p = 0.13, Fat Wald =1.01, p = 0.45, and Sugar Wald = 2.86, p = 0.08]. CONCLUSION: High fiber diet has numerous health benefits, which include weight management benefits. Also sugar can be part of a functional diet, though has to be used in moderation due to its health risks other than obesity. The difference in the prevalence of obesity amongst various US ethnic subpopulations may be due to factors other than any anatomical or physiological differences.
NotePh.D.
NoteIncludes bibliographical references
Noteby Kwasi Yeboah-Afihene
Genretheses, ETD doctoral
Languageeng
CollectionSchool of Health Related Professions ETD Collection
Organization NameRutgers, The State University of New Jersey
RightsThe author owns the copyright to this work.