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Toddlers' inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
Toddlers' inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust
Name
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Zhou
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Jiaqi
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1990-
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Jiaqi Zhou
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author
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Clifford P
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Clifford P Weisel
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Gediminas
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Gediminas Mainelis
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internal member
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Georgopoulos
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Panos G
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Panos G Georgopoulos
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Tulve
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Nicolle S
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Nicolle S Tulve
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Advisory Committee
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Rutgers University
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School of Graduate Studies
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Text
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theses
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2018
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2018-10
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2018
Place
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xx
Language
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eng
Abstract
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The overall objective of this study is to better characterize a toddler’s inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust by conducting the following three studies: 1) measuring permethrin concentrations in a toddler’s breathing zone via three different sampling approaches: mobile, stationary and settled dust on vinyl floor and carpeted floor in a simulated indoor environment; 2) identifying the particle size distribution in resuspended dust and settled dust; 3) performing Monte-Carlo simulation to probabilistically estimate toddlers’ inhalation exposures to permethrin via the three sampling approaches considering toddlers’ time and activity pattern.
The mean permethrin airborne concentrations in the stationary and mobile samples were 0.065 μg/m3 and 0.14 μg/m3 for the vinyl floor with 1 g/m2 dust loading, and 0.034 μg/m3 and 0.061 μg/m3 for the carpeted floor with 10 g/m2 dust loading, respectively. Permethrin concentrations in the settled dust samples were approximately one-fourth of that measured in the stationary and mobile samples in the carpeted floor experiments. Thus, the use of stationary samples and settled dust samples may underestimate a toddler’s personal inhalation exposure to permethrin in residential houses by approximately a factor of 2 and 4, respectively.
Particle mass concentrations measured in mobile samples were significantly higher than that measured in stationary samples. Thus, using stationary sampling would underestimate toddlers’ inhalation exposure to particles and potentially the contaminants attached onto the particles. Particle size distributions in mobile and stationary samples were not statistically significantly different from each other. However, settled dust samples have a significantly higher percentage of large particles (5-10 μm) and lower percentage of small particles (1-2.5 μm). Smaller particles have a larger surface area per volume, potentially resulting in more toxic semi-volatile chemicals attached per mass. Therefore, using settled dust as an indicator of young children’s exposure would underestimate their exposure to toxic chemicals.
Toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin in the simulated residential environment and the impact of toddlers’ activities on the estimation of toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. Comparing three different modeling approaches (mobile, stationary and settled dust), toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin was impacted by their indoor activities. If the mobile sample best represents a toddler’s exposure, using settled dust to estimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake might overestimate this value, while using stationary samples might underestimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake compared to using mobile samples.
The mean permethrin airborne concentrations in the stationary and mobile samples were 0.065 μg/m3 and 0.14 μg/m3 for the vinyl floor with 1 g/m2 dust loading, and 0.034 μg/m3 and 0.061 μg/m3 for the carpeted floor with 10 g/m2 dust loading, respectively. Permethrin concentrations in the settled dust samples were approximately one-fourth of that measured in the stationary and mobile samples in the carpeted floor experiments. Thus, the use of stationary samples and settled dust samples may underestimate a toddler’s personal inhalation exposure to permethrin in residential houses by approximately a factor of 2 and 4, respectively.
Particle mass concentrations measured in mobile samples were significantly higher than that measured in stationary samples. Thus, using stationary sampling would underestimate toddlers’ inhalation exposure to particles and potentially the contaminants attached onto the particles. Particle size distributions in mobile and stationary samples were not statistically significantly different from each other. However, settled dust samples have a significantly higher percentage of large particles (5-10 μm) and lower percentage of small particles (1-2.5 μm). Smaller particles have a larger surface area per volume, potentially resulting in more toxic semi-volatile chemicals attached per mass. Therefore, using settled dust as an indicator of young children’s exposure would underestimate their exposure to toxic chemicals.
Toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin in the simulated residential environment and the impact of toddlers’ activities on the estimation of toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. Comparing three different modeling approaches (mobile, stationary and settled dust), toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin was impacted by their indoor activities. If the mobile sample best represents a toddler’s exposure, using settled dust to estimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake might overestimate this value, while using stationary samples might underestimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake compared to using mobile samples.
Subject
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Topic
Environmental Sciences
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Toddlers
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Pesticides--Environmental aspects
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD_9159
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electronic resource
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1 online resource (133 pages : illustrations)
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references
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by Jiaqi Zhou
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School of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10001600001
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doi:10.7282/t3-dm3k-5688
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Name
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Zhou
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Jiaqi
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Permission or license
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2018-08-24 13:12:40
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Jiaqi Zhou
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Rutgers University. School of Graduate Studies
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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Embargo
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2018-10-31
DateTime
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2020-10-30
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after October 30th, 2020.
Copyright
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Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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