DescriptionWhen I joined the duckweed community the interest was largely on sustainably providing clean water, food, and fuel as reflected in the Introduction and Conclusion. Then a fellow student of Dr. Messing, Dr. Wang, published the Spirodela polyrhiza 7498 genome and transcriptome. My thesis project would complement these with the Spirodela miRNA and target catalog, and investigate the relationship of the miRNAs 156 and 172 to the neotenous nature and rare flowering in the Lemnaceae. While characterizing the Spirodela miRNAs and their targets as described in Chapter 1, both Dr. Tang and Dr. Myers noticed a lack of 24nt siRNAs leading to an analysis of the RdDM pathway and transposons. This research coupled with my editing of The Duckweed Genomes textbook led to the writing of Chapters 2, 3, and 4 on small RNAs, transcriptomics, and repetitive DNA elements respectively. While studying the miRNAs and genomics I also developed flowering protocols in order to study the relationship between miR156 and 172 and floral regulation. As described in Chapter 5, I developed Wolffia microscopica, Lemna minor, Lemna gibba, and Spirodela polyrhiza flowering protocols to enable further research. I hope you find this dissertation helpful, and that these flowering protocols, the catalog of miRNAs and their targets, the textbook chapters, and other data contribute to a deeper understanding of this fascinating family, and floral regulation.