DescriptionPeripheral nerve injuries remain a very prominent issue in today’s society all over the world, and can be sustained while working with machinery, playing sports or simply driving. Our current knowledge of the topic has limited applications for medical professionals in regards to treatments and surgeries they can perform to allow a patient to regain function in the nerve, which clearly leaves room for drastic improvement. Some organisms like mice and other murine species have demonstrated an ability to enact a Schwann cell facilitated nerve repair program that not all other organisms demonstrate when inflicted with a peripheral nerve injury particularly a severed nerve. As it stands our current comprehension of how organisms like these respond to peripheral nerve injuries on a cellular/molecular level is not complete and is still developing, but by studying these organisms over several decades we have made significant progress in the endeavor regardless. This review will discuss the known differences in nerve repair programs in human and mice, the most studied molecules and their molecular pathways that initiate the nerve repair program based on some of the most recently published literature on the topic and what we can take away from nerve injury models to develop future treatments and surgeries.